The rules of whist published in A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist were regarded as authoritative until 1864, after which time they were superseded by the new rules written by John Loraine Baldwin and adopted by the Arlington and Portland clubs. The piracies were profitable to Hoyle, though a disaster for Cogan who was forced to lower the price of the book to match the pirates and to pay for Hoyle's signature. To distinguish the genuine editions from the piracies, Cogan paid Hoyle twopence per copy to autograph the genuine works. Cogan published second and third editions of Whist and two months later, obtained an injunction against the pirates which he announced in a fourth edition (all 1743). The printers disguised their identities by publishing under false names, one as Webster, the other as Webb. Before Cogan was able to publish a second edition, two printers pirated the work, giving the author as "A Gentleman" rather than Hoyle. When the book quickly sold out, rather than publish a new edition, Hoyle sold the rights to Whist to bookseller Francis Cogan for 100 guineas, an enormous sum for a small pamphlet. Hoyle expanded the manuscript and published A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist in 1742, selling it for the high price of one guinea. Treatise on whist īy 1741, Hoyle began to tutor members of high society at the game of whist, selling his students a copy of his manuscript notes. Hoyle died at age 97 on Augon Wellbank Street ( Welbeck Street), Cavendish Square, London. The suggestion that he trained at the bar seems unfounded. Much of what is written about him is untrue or exaggerated. Little is known about Hoyle's early life prior to publication of his books. The phrase "according to Hoyle" (meaning "strictly according to the rules") came into the language as a reflection of his generally perceived authority on the subject since that time, use of the phrase has expanded into general use in situations in which a speaker wishes to indicate an appeal to a putative authority. English card game authority, "the Father of whist"Įdmond Hoyle (1672 – 29 August 1769) was an English writer best known for his works on the rules and play of card games.
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